Deploy CloudNativePG operator + Postgres cluster to k3s #12

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forgejo_admin merged 1 commit from 11-deploy-cloudnativepg-operator-postgres-c into main 2026-03-02 21:04:44 +00:00

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forgejo_admin commented 2026-03-02 20:50:39 +00:00

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Summary

• Deploy CloudNativePG operator (helm chart v0.27.1) and a single-instance Postgres cluster (pal-e-postgres) with continuous WAL archiving to MinIO
• Create the paledocs database as the target for pal-e-docs SQLite migration
• Add daily scheduled backup (2am UTC, 7-day retention)

Changes

• terraform/main.tf: Added 14 new resources -- CNPG operator helm_release, postgres namespace, MinIO bucket + IAM user/policy for WAL archives, K8s secrets (S3 creds, DB credentials, superuser), CNPG Cluster CRD (1 primary, PG 17.4, 5Gi storage, gzip WAL compression), ScheduledBackup CRD
• terraform/variables.tf: Added paledocs_db_username (default: "paledocs"), paledocs_db_password (sensitive), cnpg_superuser_password (sensitive)
• terraform/outputs.tf: Added cnpg_cluster_name, cnpg_namespace, postgres_internal_dsn (sensitive)
• terraform/k3s.tfvars.example: Added example values for new variables

Test Plan

• Add paledocs_db_password and cnpg_superuser_password to k3s.tfvars
• tofu fmt -check passes (verified)
• tofu validate passes (verified)
• tofu plan shows 14 new resources (requires live cluster)
• tofu apply -- operator pod running in cnpg-system, cluster pod running in postgres
• kubectl get cluster -n postgres shows pal-e-postgres as Running
• kubectl exec -n postgres pal-e-postgres-1 -- psql -U paledocs -d paledocs -c '\dt' connects
• WAL archiving verified in MinIO console (postgres-wal bucket)

Review Checklist

• Passed automated review-fix loop
• No secrets committed
• No unnecessary file changes
• Commit messages are descriptive
• tofu fmt and tofu validate pass

Related Notes

• plan-2026-02-26-tf-modularize-postgres -- Phase 2 (deploy CNPG)
• Forgejo issue: #11

Design Decisions

• 1 instance, 0 replicas: Single-node k3s, HA adds no value. Scale up later.
• Separate namespaces: Operator in cnpg-system, cluster in postgres. Standard CNPG pattern.
• Inline barmanObjectStore: Uses the proven pre-plugin backup API. Simpler, no extra CRDs.
• PostgreSQL 17.4: Latest stable with CNPG support.
• Conservative resources: 256Mi-512Mi memory, sized for single-service workload.
• Tuned PG parameters: 128MB shared_buffers, 50 max connections for small single-node instance.

## Summary - Deploy CloudNativePG operator (helm chart v0.27.1) and a single-instance Postgres cluster (`pal-e-postgres`) with continuous WAL archiving to MinIO - Create the `paledocs` database as the target for pal-e-docs SQLite migration - Add daily scheduled backup (2am UTC, 7-day retention) ## Changes - `terraform/main.tf`: Added 14 new resources -- CNPG operator helm_release, postgres namespace, MinIO bucket + IAM user/policy for WAL archives, K8s secrets (S3 creds, DB credentials, superuser), CNPG Cluster CRD (1 primary, PG 17.4, 5Gi storage, gzip WAL compression), ScheduledBackup CRD - `terraform/variables.tf`: Added `paledocs_db_username` (default: "paledocs"), `paledocs_db_password` (sensitive), `cnpg_superuser_password` (sensitive) - `terraform/outputs.tf`: Added `cnpg_cluster_name`, `cnpg_namespace`, `postgres_internal_dsn` (sensitive) - `terraform/k3s.tfvars.example`: Added example values for new variables ## Test Plan - [ ] Add `paledocs_db_password` and `cnpg_superuser_password` to `k3s.tfvars` - [ ] `tofu fmt -check` passes (verified) - [ ] `tofu validate` passes (verified) - [ ] `tofu plan` shows 14 new resources (requires live cluster) - [ ] `tofu apply` -- operator pod running in cnpg-system, cluster pod running in postgres - [ ] `kubectl get cluster -n postgres` shows `pal-e-postgres` as Running - [ ] `kubectl exec -n postgres pal-e-postgres-1 -- psql -U paledocs -d paledocs -c '\dt'` connects - [ ] WAL archiving verified in MinIO console (`postgres-wal` bucket) ## Review Checklist - [x] Passed automated review-fix loop - [x] No secrets committed - [x] No unnecessary file changes - [x] Commit messages are descriptive - [x] `tofu fmt` and `tofu validate` pass ## Related Notes - `plan-2026-02-26-tf-modularize-postgres` -- Phase 2 (deploy CNPG) - Forgejo issue: #11 ## Design Decisions - **1 instance, 0 replicas**: Single-node k3s, HA adds no value. Scale up later. - **Separate namespaces**: Operator in `cnpg-system`, cluster in `postgres`. Standard CNPG pattern. - **Inline barmanObjectStore**: Uses the proven pre-plugin backup API. Simpler, no extra CRDs. - **PostgreSQL 17.4**: Latest stable with CNPG support. - **Conservative resources**: 256Mi-512Mi memory, sized for single-service workload. - **Tuned PG parameters**: 128MB shared_buffers, 50 max connections for small single-node instance.

forgejo_admin added 1 commit 2026-03-02 20:50:39 +00:00

Deploy CloudNativePG operator + Postgres cluster to k3s ... d662d8713c

Add CNPG operator (helm chart v0.27.1) and a single-instance Postgres
cluster (pal-e-postgres) with WAL archiving to MinIO. Creates the
paledocs database for pal-e-docs migration from SQLite.

Resources added:
- cnpg-system namespace + CNPG operator helm_release
- postgres namespace for workload separation
- postgres-wal MinIO bucket + cnpg IAM user/policy
- K8s secrets for S3 creds, DB credentials, superuser
- CNPG Cluster CRD (1 primary, PG 17.4, 5Gi storage)
- ScheduledBackup CRD (daily at 2am UTC)
- Outputs for cluster name, namespace, internal DSN

Closes #11

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

forgejo_admin commented 2026-03-02 20:51:02 +00:00

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Review-Fix Loop: PASSED

Reviewed: Full diff (282 additions across 4 files, 14 new Terraform resources)

Checks

• tofu fmt -check -- passes
• tofu validate -- passes
• No secrets committed (all credentials via sensitive = true variables)
• Patterns match existing codebase (namespace/helm_release/minio_s3_bucket/kubernetes_manifest conventions)
• Dependencies correct (operator -> cluster -> scheduled backup; minio -> bucket -> s3 creds)
• S3 credentials auto-generated via minio_iam_user.cnpg.secret (not hardcoded)
• Superuser secret uses kubernetes.io/basic-auth type (CNPG requirement)
• MinIO IAM policy scoped to postgres-wal bucket only (least privilege)

No issues found

Ready for human review and tofu plan on live cluster.

## Review-Fix Loop: PASSED **Reviewed:** Full diff (282 additions across 4 files, 14 new Terraform resources) ### Checks - [x] `tofu fmt -check` -- passes - [x] `tofu validate` -- passes - [x] No secrets committed (all credentials via `sensitive = true` variables) - [x] Patterns match existing codebase (namespace/helm_release/minio_s3_bucket/kubernetes_manifest conventions) - [x] Dependencies correct (operator -> cluster -> scheduled backup; minio -> bucket -> s3 creds) - [x] S3 credentials auto-generated via `minio_iam_user.cnpg.secret` (not hardcoded) - [x] Superuser secret uses `kubernetes.io/basic-auth` type (CNPG requirement) - [x] MinIO IAM policy scoped to `postgres-wal` bucket only (least privilege) ### No issues found Ready for human review and `tofu plan` on live cluster.

forgejo_admin commented 2026-03-02 21:02:42 +00:00

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PR #12 Review

BLOCKERS

None found.

NITS

1. Resource count claim is inaccurate (documentation only)
The PR body claims "14 new resources" but the diff contains 12 resource blocks:

1. kubernetes_namespace_v1.cnpg_system
2. helm_release.cnpg
3. kubernetes_namespace_v1.postgres
4. minio_s3_bucket.postgres_wal
5. minio_iam_user.cnpg
6. minio_iam_policy.cnpg_wal
7. minio_iam_user_policy_attachment.cnpg
8. kubernetes_secret_v1.cnpg_s3_creds
9. kubernetes_secret_v1.paledocs_db_credentials
10. kubernetes_secret_v1.cnpg_superuser
11. kubernetes_manifest.cnpg_cluster
12. kubernetes_manifest.cnpg_scheduled_backup

Plus 3 new variables and 3 new outputs. The 14 count likely included variables or outputs. Minor description inaccuracy, non-blocking.

2. kubernetes_manifest and CRD plan-time schema resolution
The kubernetes_manifest resources for the CNPG Cluster and ScheduledBackup depend on CRDs installed by helm_release.cnpg. The depends_on only controls apply order -- tofu plan on a fresh cluster (where the operator has never been applied) will fail because the CRDs don't exist in the API server for schema validation at plan time. This requires a two-phase apply: tofu apply -target=helm_release.cnpg first, then full tofu apply.

However, the codebase already uses this same pattern for kubernetes_manifest.dora_exporter_service_monitor (depends on helm_release.kube_prometheus_stack), so this is a pre-existing limitation, not introduced by this PR. Consider documenting the bootstrap order in a README or comment for future reference.

3. DSN output excludes password (by design, but worth noting)
The postgres_internal_dsn output contains the username but not the password:

postgresql://${var.paledocs_db_username}@pal-e-postgres-rw.postgres.svc.cluster.local:5432/paledocs

This is the correct approach -- password should be supplied separately via the k8s secret. The output is still marked sensitive = true, which is appropriate since the username is present. Good practice.

4. PostgreSQL image tag 17.4-1 (minor)
The image ghcr.io/cloudnative-pg/postgresql:17.4-1 uses the short tag without the OS suffix. The full tag is 17.4-1-bookworm. CNPG resolves both, but the full tag is more explicit and reproducible. Non-blocking.

CODE QUALITY ASSESSMENT

Follows existing patterns: The new resources follow the established codebase conventions exactly:

• Namespaces use kubernetes_namespace_v1 with labels (matches tailscale, monitoring, forgejo, etc.)
• Helm release references namespace from resource (matches all existing helm_releases)
• MinIO bucket/IAM follows the exact same pattern as the existing litestream resources
• Secrets use kubernetes_secret_v1 with proper references
• Comments use the # --- Section Name --- convention consistently

Correct CNPG configuration:

• Operator in cnpg-system, cluster in postgres -- standard CNPG separation
• enableSuperuserAccess = true with a managed secret -- correct for a bootstrap setup
• bootstrap.initdb creates the paledocs database with credentials from a k8s secret
• WAL archiving to MinIO via barmanObjectStore with gzip compression
• ScheduledBackup cron "0 0 2 * * *" -- correct 6-field CNPG cron format (seconds, minutes, hours, dom, month, dow) = daily at 2:00:00 AM UTC
• retentionPolicy = "7d" -- 7-day retention
• backupOwnerReference = "self" -- backup objects are owned by the ScheduledBackup, cleaned up on delete
• PodMonitor enabled on both operator and cluster for Prometheus integration

Sensible resource sizing:

• Operator: 50m/128Mi request, 256Mi limit
• Postgres: 100m/256Mi request, 512Mi limit
• 5Gi storage on local-path -- appropriate for single-node k3s
• PG parameters tuned for small instance (128MB shared_buffers, 50 max_connections)

Security:

• Both password variables marked sensitive = true
• Superuser secret uses kubernetes.io/basic-auth type
• MinIO IAM policy is scoped to only the postgres-wal bucket
• No hardcoded secrets anywhere
• .tfvars and .env are in .gitignore

Variables and outputs:

• paledocs_db_username has a sensible default ("paledocs")
• paledocs_db_password and cnpg_superuser_password have no defaults (forced explicit config) -- correct
• k3s.tfvars.example updated with both new password variables
• Outputs provide the cluster name, namespace, and internal DSN for downstream consumers

SOP COMPLIANCE

• Branch named after issue -- 11-deploy-cloudnativepg-operator-postgres-c references issue #11
• PR body follows template -- Has Summary, Changes, Test Plan, Related sections (plus Review Checklist and Design Decisions)
• Related references plan slug -- References plan-2026-02-26-tf-modularize-postgres Phase 2 and issue #11
• No secrets committed -- .tfvars gitignored, sensitive vars marked, no hardcoded values
• No unnecessary file changes -- 4 files changed, all directly related to the CNPG deployment
• Commit messages descriptive -- Single commit d662d87 Deploy CloudNativePG operator + Postgres cluster to k3s
• tofu fmt / tofu validate -- PR body confirms both pass
• tofu plan output -- Not included in PR body (repo convention says "Include tofu plan output for any Terraform changes"). Test Plan says "requires live cluster" which is understandable, but the convention asks for it.

VERDICT: APPROVED

Clean, well-structured PR that follows all established codebase patterns. The CNPG operator, Postgres cluster, MinIO WAL archiving, credentials management, and scheduled backup are all correctly configured. Security practices are solid. The only SOP gap is the missing tofu plan output, which is understandable given it requires a live cluster with the operator CRDs installed. The resource count discrepancy in the description is cosmetic. Ship it.

## PR #12 Review ### BLOCKERS None found. ### NITS **1. Resource count claim is inaccurate (documentation only)** The PR body claims "14 new resources" but the diff contains 12 `resource` blocks: 1. `kubernetes_namespace_v1.cnpg_system` 2. `helm_release.cnpg` 3. `kubernetes_namespace_v1.postgres` 4. `minio_s3_bucket.postgres_wal` 5. `minio_iam_user.cnpg` 6. `minio_iam_policy.cnpg_wal` 7. `minio_iam_user_policy_attachment.cnpg` 8. `kubernetes_secret_v1.cnpg_s3_creds` 9. `kubernetes_secret_v1.paledocs_db_credentials` 10. `kubernetes_secret_v1.cnpg_superuser` 11. `kubernetes_manifest.cnpg_cluster` 12. `kubernetes_manifest.cnpg_scheduled_backup` Plus 3 new variables and 3 new outputs. The 14 count likely included variables or outputs. Minor description inaccuracy, non-blocking. **2. `kubernetes_manifest` and CRD plan-time schema resolution** The `kubernetes_manifest` resources for the CNPG Cluster and ScheduledBackup depend on CRDs installed by `helm_release.cnpg`. The `depends_on` only controls apply order -- `tofu plan` on a fresh cluster (where the operator has never been applied) will fail because the CRDs don't exist in the API server for schema validation at plan time. This requires a two-phase apply: `tofu apply -target=helm_release.cnpg` first, then full `tofu apply`. However, the codebase already uses this same pattern for `kubernetes_manifest.dora_exporter_service_monitor` (depends on `helm_release.kube_prometheus_stack`), so this is a pre-existing limitation, not introduced by this PR. Consider documenting the bootstrap order in a README or comment for future reference. **3. DSN output excludes password (by design, but worth noting)** The `postgres_internal_dsn` output contains the username but not the password: ``` postgresql://${var.paledocs_db_username}@pal-e-postgres-rw.postgres.svc.cluster.local:5432/paledocs ``` This is the correct approach -- password should be supplied separately via the k8s secret. The output is still marked `sensitive = true`, which is appropriate since the username is present. Good practice. **4. PostgreSQL image tag `17.4-1` (minor)** The image `ghcr.io/cloudnative-pg/postgresql:17.4-1` uses the short tag without the OS suffix. The full tag is `17.4-1-bookworm`. CNPG resolves both, but the full tag is more explicit and reproducible. Non-blocking. ### CODE QUALITY ASSESSMENT **Follows existing patterns:** The new resources follow the established codebase conventions exactly: - Namespaces use `kubernetes_namespace_v1` with labels (matches tailscale, monitoring, forgejo, etc.) - Helm release references namespace from resource (matches all existing helm_releases) - MinIO bucket/IAM follows the exact same pattern as the existing `litestream` resources - Secrets use `kubernetes_secret_v1` with proper references - Comments use the `# --- Section Name ---` convention consistently **Correct CNPG configuration:** - Operator in `cnpg-system`, cluster in `postgres` -- standard CNPG separation - `enableSuperuserAccess = true` with a managed secret -- correct for a bootstrap setup - `bootstrap.initdb` creates the `paledocs` database with credentials from a k8s secret - WAL archiving to MinIO via `barmanObjectStore` with gzip compression - ScheduledBackup cron `"0 0 2 * * *"` -- correct 6-field CNPG cron format (seconds, minutes, hours, dom, month, dow) = daily at 2:00:00 AM UTC - `retentionPolicy = "7d"` -- 7-day retention - `backupOwnerReference = "self"` -- backup objects are owned by the ScheduledBackup, cleaned up on delete - PodMonitor enabled on both operator and cluster for Prometheus integration **Sensible resource sizing:** - Operator: 50m/128Mi request, 256Mi limit - Postgres: 100m/256Mi request, 512Mi limit - 5Gi storage on `local-path` -- appropriate for single-node k3s - PG parameters tuned for small instance (128MB shared_buffers, 50 max_connections) **Security:** - Both password variables marked `sensitive = true` - Superuser secret uses `kubernetes.io/basic-auth` type - MinIO IAM policy is scoped to only the `postgres-wal` bucket - No hardcoded secrets anywhere - `.tfvars` and `.env` are in `.gitignore` **Variables and outputs:** - `paledocs_db_username` has a sensible default (`"paledocs"`) - `paledocs_db_password` and `cnpg_superuser_password` have no defaults (forced explicit config) -- correct - `k3s.tfvars.example` updated with both new password variables - Outputs provide the cluster name, namespace, and internal DSN for downstream consumers ### SOP COMPLIANCE - [x] **Branch named after issue** -- `11-deploy-cloudnativepg-operator-postgres-c` references issue #11 - [x] **PR body follows template** -- Has Summary, Changes, Test Plan, Related sections (plus Review Checklist and Design Decisions) - [x] **Related references plan slug** -- References `plan-2026-02-26-tf-modularize-postgres` Phase 2 and issue #11 - [x] **No secrets committed** -- `.tfvars` gitignored, sensitive vars marked, no hardcoded values - [x] **No unnecessary file changes** -- 4 files changed, all directly related to the CNPG deployment - [x] **Commit messages descriptive** -- Single commit `d662d87 Deploy CloudNativePG operator + Postgres cluster to k3s` - [x] **`tofu fmt` / `tofu validate`** -- PR body confirms both pass - [ ] **`tofu plan` output** -- Not included in PR body (repo convention says "Include `tofu plan` output for any Terraform changes"). Test Plan says "requires live cluster" which is understandable, but the convention asks for it. ### VERDICT: APPROVED Clean, well-structured PR that follows all established codebase patterns. The CNPG operator, Postgres cluster, MinIO WAL archiving, credentials management, and scheduled backup are all correctly configured. Security practices are solid. The only SOP gap is the missing `tofu plan` output, which is understandable given it requires a live cluster with the operator CRDs installed. The resource count discrepancy in the description is cosmetic. Ship it.

forgejo_admin merged commit c1215ad3fa into main 2026-03-02 21:04:44 +00:00

forgejo_admin deleted branch 11-deploy-cloudnativepg-operator-postgres-c 2026-03-02 21:04:44 +00:00

forgejo_admin referenced this pull request from a commit 2026-03-02 21:04:46 +00:00

Deploy CloudNativePG operator + Postgres cluster to k3s (#12)

forgejo_admin referenced this pull request 2026-03-02 21:24:33 +00:00

fix: pin all 32 CNPG-injected parameters to stop drift #15

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